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A video relay service (VRS), also sometimes known as a video interpreting service (VIS), is a videotelecommunication service that allows deaf, hard-of-hearing and speech-impaired (D-HOH-SI) individuals to communicate over video telephones and similar technologies with hearing people in real-time, via a sign language interpreter. A similar video interpreting service called video remote interpreting (VRI) is conducted through a different organization often called a "Video Interpreting Service Provider" (VISP).〔(UK Council on Deafness: Video Interpreting ), Deafcouncil.org.uk website, Colchester, England, U.K. Retrieved 2009-09-12.〕 VRS is a newer form of telecommunication service to the D-HOH-SI community, which had, in the United States, started earlier in 1974 using a simpler non-video technology called telecommunications relay service, also known as "TRS", or simply as "relay service". VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997〔Placencia Porrero, with Gunnar Hellstrom. (Improving the Quality of Life for the European Citizen: Technology for Inclusive Design and Equality (Volume 4): The Public Swedish Video Relay Service ), edited by: Placencia Porrero, E. Ballabio, IOS Press, 1998, pp.267–270, ISBN 90-5199-406-0, ISBN 978-90-5199-406-3.〕 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries,〔(European Union of the Deaf ), EUD.eu website.〕 with most European countries still lacking the legislation or the financing for large-scale VRS services, and to provide the necessary telecommunication equipment to deaf users. Germany and the Nordic countries are among the other leaders in Europe, while the United States is another world leader in the provisioning of VRS services. == Telecommunications-facilitated signing == One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city.〔Bell Laboratories RECORD (1969) (A collection of several articles on the AT&T Picturephone ) (then about to be released) Bell Laboratories, Pg.134–153 & 160–187, Volume 47, No. 5, May/June 1969.〕 Various universities and other organizations, including British Telecom's Martlesham facility, have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony.〔New Scientist. (Telephones Come To Terms With Sign Language ), New Scientist, 19 August 1989, Vol.123, Iss.No.1678, pp.31.〕〔Sperling, George. (Bandwidth Requirements for Video Transmission of American Sign Language and Finger Spelling ), Science, AAAS, November 14, 1980, Vol. 210, pp.797-799, .〕〔Whybray, M.W. (Moving Picture Transmission at Low Bitrates for Sign Language Communication ), Martlesham, England: British Telecom Laboratories, 1995.〕 The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines,〔 coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines.〔 Those factors largely disappeared with the introduction of more efficient video codecs and the advent of lower cost high-speed ISDN data and IP (Internet) services in the 1990s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Video relay service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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